British Home Office Scientific Advisory Branch, "Scientific Intelligence Officers' Operational Notes", 1965 (written by George R. Stanbury, et al.). Issued to Regional Seats of Government such as R4 Kelvedon Hatch (built in 1952 under a hill, off the A128) for nuclear attack fallout plotting, using the method developed at Operation Redwing, Bikini Atoll in 1956 by Edward A. Schuert in USNRDL-TR-139, "A fallout forecasting technique with results obtained at the Eniwetok Proving Grounds" (U.S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory), http://archive.org/details/Schuert and http://archive.org/details/AFalloutForecastingTechniqueWithResultsObtainedAtTheEniwetokProving

Also see the detailed data on neutron induced activity in various kinds of soil and in sea water, in the UK Home Office Scientific Advisory Branch report, "Some calculations and tables on the neutron-induced activity in fallout due to soil and sea water", SA/PR 64, 1962 which is in the UK National Archives (document reference HO 227/64). This uses the data on soil composition in Table 4-2 of the 1957 "Capabilities of Atomic Weapons" ( http://archive.org/details/CapabilitiesOfAtomicWeapons ), weighted by atomic abundance and also weighted by the relative neutron capture cross-sections for each isotope in the soil, to determine the relative number of neutrons captured by specific isotopes in soils and sea water. Assuming a bomb emits 10^26 neutrons per megaton in the downward direction, it is then easy to calculate the gamma ray energy contribution (MeV/second) from aluminium-28, sodium-24, manganese-56 to fallout from neutron induced activity for weapons of various fission yield fractions.

These notes also include a section on chemical and biological warfare, pointing out that sealing a refuge room against gas or germs is possible (closing windows and doors, taping up cracks in the window and door frames, etc.) to keep out dust and droplets (mustard droplets and nerve agent droplets) as a first line of defence, while the Cold War British civilian C7 respirator (gas mask) would filter out actual gas and vapour as the second line of defense. The C7 gas mask was developed in 1950 and was an improved version of the WWII gas masks issued to everybody. In 1961, 55 million C7 gas masks had been stockpiled for distribution to the entire population of Britain by the Civil Defence Corps. This countermeasure goes back in WWI research on French civilian countermeasures against gas near the Western Front during gas warfare, see the 31 December 1937 Home Office publication, "Experiments in Anti-Gas Protection of Houses", http://archive.org/stream/ExperimentsInAnti-gasProtectionOfHouses/AntigasProtectionOfHouses#page/n0/mode/1up

References: UK National Archives, WO 195/14043, "An analysis of head and face measurements of Plymouth and Portsmouth school children recorded during fitting trials of the C7 respirator (1950 civilian pattern)", 1957, and WO 189/932, "Head and face measurements of school children during trials of C7 respirator", Porton Technical Paper PTP 613, 1957. See also William K. Chipman, "Nonmilitary Defense for the United States", 1961, which states on page 90 that 55,000,000 C7 civilian gas masks were stockpiled by the British government in 1961. There are also 100,000 PDRM 82 digital cold war radiation meters in the stockpile for civil defence use by police and the fire service for nuclear war.

Civil Defence Corps handbooks:

Civil Defence Handbook No.1 - Wireless Instructions for Civil Defence 1952, 2nd edition 1960
Civil Defence Handbook No.2 - Field Cable Construction 1954, 2nd edition 1959
Civil Defence Handbook No.3 - Exercises and Studies 1954
Civil Defence Handbook No.4 - Elementary Firefighting (4th Impression) 1963
Civil Defence Handbook No.5 - Light Rescue (3rd Impression) 1964
Civil Defence Handbook No.6 - First Aid
Civil Defence Handbook No.7 - Rescue
Civil Defence Handbook No.8 - Emergency Feeding 1964
Civil Defence Handbook No.9 - Signal Office Practice 1960
Civil Defence Handbook No.10 - Advising the Householder on Protection against Nuclear Attack 1963
Civil Defence Handbook No.11 - Communications Vol.1 Signals 1968
Manual of Civil Defence Vol.1 Pamphlet No.1 - Nuclear Weapons 1956, 1959, 1974
Manual of Civil Defence Vol.1 Pamphlet No.2 - Radioactive Fall-out, Provisional Scheme of Public Control, 1956 (unclassified), 1957 (reprinted as Restricted classification)
Civil Defence Instructorsâ Notes, Welfare Section, Part III, "Evacuation and care of the homeless", 1960 (later retitled "Dispersal of the Priority Classes and care of the homeless").

See also: The effects of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan (the secret U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey report 92, Pacific Theatre) located at: http://archive.org/details/TheEffectsOfTheAtomicBombOnHiroshima

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